What is the Difference between Benign Prostatatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer?

Both Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer can cause similar symptoms, particularly in their early stages. These may include frequent urination, especially at night, difficulty starting and stopping urination, a weak urine stream, and feeling like the bladder is not completely empty after urinating. These symptoms occur in both conditions because both can cause the prostate gland to enlarge, which puts pressure on the urethra and affects urine flow.

However, there are a few key differences between these two conditions:

Nature of the Condition. BPH is a benign (non-cancerous) condition, whereas prostate cancer involves the growth of cancerous cells.

Rate of Progression. BPH typically progresses slowly over many years and is associated with aging. Prostate cancer can also grow slowly, but some types are aggressive and spread quickly.

Pain. Prostate cancer, especially in advanced stages, may cause pain in the lower back, hips, or thighs, which is not typically a symptom of BPH.

Blood in urine or semen. These symptoms are more likely to occur with prostate cancer than with BPH.

Despite these differences, it can be challenging to distinguish between BPH and prostate cancer based on symptoms alone. That’s why it’s important to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider, especially if you’re over 50 or have a family history of prostate problems.

Healthcare providers use a combination of tests to diagnose these conditions, including:

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test. This blood test measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate. Elevated levels can be a sign of either BPH or prostate cancer.

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE). During this exam, a healthcare provider will manually check the prostate for any abnormalities.

Imaging and Biopsy. If PSA levels are high or the DRE reveals a potential issue, further tests may be needed, such as an ultrasound or a biopsy to examine the prostate tissue under a microscope.

Regular check-ups and early detection are key in managing both BPH and prostate cancer. Always consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.